Auscultation and percussion

Test consists of a visual examination of the abdomen with a note on the shape of the abdomen, skin lesions, abdominal masses and abdominal wall movement with breathing. Anomalies for the review to provide evidence of intra-abdominal pathology, they are further examined in listening and probing. Abdominal auscultation is performed to detect bowel sounds, polished or vascular bruits. Normal peristalsis produces sounds that can be changed or missing disease. Sound irritated serosal can rub produce than the body against serosal surface. Atherosclerosis can alter the arterial blood flow so that produces bruit.

An examination of the abdomen is palpation of crepitus of the abdominal wall of each abdomen or abdominal masses. Liver and kidney damage can be felt in normal people, but all other masses are not normal.

The abdomen is inspected by positioning the patient supine on the examining table or bed. Head and knees should be supported with a small pillow or folded sheets for comfort and relaxation of abdominal muscles. The entire abdomen should be examined, and curtains should be so placed. Patient's arm was folded on both sides, and not behind the head, since the time of the abdominal wall.

Firstly, the general contours of the abdominal wall is observed. The draft was to stretch carefully and note that an extension should be generalized or localized to the abdomen. It should also be examined, opened all the wings.

Abdominal skin should be carefully checked for changes. Each color identified as a bluish color of the umbilicus (Cullen 's sign) or flanks (Turner Gray ' s sign). The skin should be examined streaks or stretch marks and surgical scars. Careful note of surgical scar should be correlated with the patient 's recollection of the previous operation. This is done by pressing together the tip of the index finger is compressed, visible veins. Fingers then slid apart, maintaining compression, produces an empty vein segment between the toes. Finger is removed from one end of a vein monitored for completion. The process is then repeated, but from the opposite finger and the vein re-check transactions. Obstruction of the inferior vena cava causes a change in flow rate in the lower abdomen. In addition to these major enlarged veins should be noted, any spider made Angioma abdominal skin. It is necessary to inspect the abdomen for the masses. This should be done from different angles. It is important to distinguish the abdominal wall by intra-abdominal masses. The weight of the abdominal wall is more prominent with the tightening of abdominal muscles, while intra-abdominal mass is less and less noticeable, or disappear. Abdominal wall masses, most hernias (either umbilical cord, abdominal pain, scarring or Spieghel), (neoplasms benign, malignant), infections and hematomas.